AS acknowledgements
The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.
Text, artwork and data
All Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland . License no. C02W0005419.
Activity sheets
1.3: Modified from King, T., Reiss, M. with Roberts, M. (2001) Practical Advanced Biology, Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes.1.9: Table 3 modified from Rossman, A.J. (1994) Televisions, Physicians and Life Expectancy, Journal of Statistics Education, 2(2).
1.15: Adapted from NCBE 'Better Milk for Cats' (1993) Practical Biotechnology: a guide for schools and colleges, Reading, NCBE. pp. 26-27.
1.19: Article by Warren Dolphin, Iowa State, © 1996 Peregrine Publishers, All Rights Reserved. Reproduced with permission of Pearson Education.
1.20: Modified from Brown, J.E. (1995) Nutrition Now, St Paul, West Publishing Company.
1.23: Caffeine tables from Hardie and Tranter (1983) Biology Practicals: Teacher's Guide, Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd.
2.11: Based on a protocol by Paul Ridd and Clifford Cork of Tonbridge School, Kent, published in School Science Review, March 1999, 80(292), 111-113.
2.12: The model is based on one produced by NCBE in Madden, D. (2000) Illuminating DNA, Reading, NCBE.
2.13: Based on the NCBE method in Madden, D. (2000) Illuminating DNA, Reading, NCBE.
2.19: Article by James Meek, The Guardian July 10 2000 © Guardian Newspapers Ltd., 2000.
3.4: Modified from Roberts, M. and King, T. (1987) Biology: A Functional Approach, Student Manual, 2nd Edn, Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes.
3.9: Toluidine blue and orcein ethanoic staining methods adapted with permission from protocols available on the Science and Plants for Schools (SAPS) website (http://www.saps.org.uk).
3.11: The method is adapted with permission from a protocol available on the Science and Plants for Schools (SAPS) website (http://www.saps.org.uk).
4.2: Aye-aye field sketch and information sheet courtesy of Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust.
4.7: Student: Table 1 data from UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Teacher: Table 1 reproduced from http://www.nhm.ac.uk with permission of the Natural History Museum © The Natural History Museum.
4.8: 'The Next Bug Thing', AA Gill, Sunday Times Magazine, 7 April 2002
4.15: Based on a method supplied by Janice Green, Esher College, Surrey.
4.21: Data in Table 1 and Figure 2 kindly provided by Dr David Slingsby, Wakefield Girls' High School.
4.25: Figure 3 data reproduced with permission of the Nuffield Foundation.
4.23: Table 1 data courtesy of Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust/Jersey Zoo.
4.24: Extract from Britt, A., Welch, C. and Katz, A. (2001) The impact of Cryptoprocta ferox on the Varecia v. variegata Reinforcement Project at Betampona. Lemur News 6, 35-37; Table 1 data are from a paper by Carl Jones, Mauritius Wildlife Fund (Dodo Journal, published by DWCT).
Extension sheets
1.4: Article by Lorna Duckworth © The Independent 16 August 2001.
2.1: Extract A from Watson, J. D. (1968/1970) The Double Helix: A personal account of the discovery of the structure of DNA, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books. © Penguin Books; Extract Bfrom Rosalind Franklin and DNA by Anne Sayre © 1975 by Anne Sayre. Used by permission ofW.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York.
4.11: Pocklington Beck sample data kindly provided by Mark Smith.
4.7: Table 1 data kindly provided by Prof Trevor Beebee, University of Sussex.
4.6: Figure 1 adapted from World Zoo Conservation Strategy, World Zoo Organisation (now World Association of Zoos and Aquariums), 1993.
4.8: Extract from Gill, M. (1996) How fires affect biodiversity. In Fire and Biodiversity: The Effects and Effectiveness of Fire Management, Biodiversity Series, Paper No. 8, AustralianGovernment Department of the Environment and Heritage. © Commonwealth of Australia .
5.5: Extract from Cloudsley-Thompson, J. (2001) Multiple factors in the reptile extinctions of the Cretaceous period, Biologist, 48, 177-186.
5.9: Graphs (Figure 3) adapted from Jones, T. et al. (1998) Impacts of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on model terrestrial ecosystems, Science, 280, 441-43; Pie charts (Figure 4) modified from the Ecotron website (http://www.cpb.bio.ic.ac.uk/ecotron/ecotron.html).
ICT support
ICT 1: Excel 2: Coronary heart disease data reproduced by kind permission of the Office for National Statistics; Excel 5: Phenology data reproduced by kind permission of Mrs Anne Phillips and the UK Phenology Network.
CPD
CPD 1: Facilitator, page 7: Edexcel paper 6132/01 June 2003 question 7 mark scheme reproduced by kind permission of Edexcel Limited; Teacher/Lecturer, page 1: Edexcel paper 6132/01 June 2003 question 3 reproduced by kind permission of Edexcel Limited; Teacher/Lecturer, page 2: Edexcel paper 6132/01 June 2004 question 7 reproduced by kind permission of Edexcel Limited; Teacher/Lecturer, page 2: Edexcel paper 6132/01 June 2003 question 7 reproduced by kind permission of Edexcel Limited.
CPD 2: Facilitator, page 2 and Introduction: Quote from Dr Ian Gibson (2002) reproduced by kind permission of Dr Ian Gibson; Facilitator, page 2 and Introduction: Quote from How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience and School reproduced by kind permission from Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L. and Cocking, R. R. (eds) (1999) How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Washington DC, National Academy Press; Facilitator, page 2: Quote from Science as Story: Science Education by Story reproduced by kind permission from Fensham, P. (2001) Science as Story: Science Education by Story, Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 2(1), Foreword; Facilitator, page 7: Hunter disease article reproduced with kind permission from Whonamedit.com (http://www.whonamedit.com) - Hunter's syndrome (Charles
A. Hunter).
CPD 4: 'How we reach ethical conclusions' article reproduced by kind permission of Michael J Reiss.
Photographs
Activity sheets
2.16: 1: Science Photo Library.
3.1: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Science Photo Library; 3: Science Photo Library
4.13: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Science Photo Library.
4.10: Science Photo Library
5.11: 1: International Council for Scientific Unions.
Extension sheets
1.1: 1: British Heart Foundation; 2: British Heart Foundation.1.2: 1: Science Photo Library/Scott Camazine.
Topic introductions
Intro 1: 1: Photodisc; 2: Photodisc; 3: Getty Images/ImageBank; 4: Photodisc; 5: Photodisc; 6: Photodisc; 7: Photodisc; 8: Photodisc; 9: Photodisc; 10: Photodisc; 11: Photodisc; 12: Science Photo Library; 13: Photodisc; 14: Photodisc; 15: Photodisc; 16: Photodisc; 17: Photodisc; 18: Getty Images/Photodisc; 19: Photodisc; 20: Photodisc; 21: Photodisc; 22: Photodisc; 23: Photodisc; 24: Photodisc; 25: Photodisc; 26: Photodisc; 27: Photodisc; 28: Photodisc.
Intro 2: 1: Photodisc; 2: Photodisc; 3: Science Photo Library; 4: Science Photo Library; 5: Science Photo Library/Innerspace Imaging; 6: Science Photo Library; 7: Science Photo Library; 8: Science Photo Library; 9: Science Photo Library; 10: Photodisc.
Intro 3: 1: Science Photo Library/Dr Yorgos Nikas; 2: Science Photo Library/David Becker; 3: Science Photo Library/Innerspace Imaging; 4: Science Photo Library/Dr Gary Gaugler; 5: Science Photo Library/Dr Gopal Murti; 6: Science Photo Library; 7: Science Photo Library; 8: Science Photo Library; 9: Science Photo Library/James King-Holmes; 10: Science Photo Library/Laguna Design.
Intro 4: 1: Photodisc; 2: Alamy Images; 3: Corbis; 4: Alamy Images; 5: Photodisc; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Corbis; 8: Corbis; 9: Photodisc; 10: Photodisc; 11: Photodisc; 12: Photodisc; 13: Science Photo Library; 14: Science Photo Library; 15: Dave Keeling and Tim Whorf (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); 16: Photodisc; 17: Digital Vision; 18: Photodisc; 19: Corbis; 20: Corbis; 21: Corbis; 22: Corbis.
Interactive tutorials
1.4: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: YMCA College, Hong Kong; 3: Alamy Images; 4: Science Photo Library; 5: Mediscan.
1.12: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
1.16: 1: Science Photo Library/Cordelia Molloy.
2.5: 1: Science Photo Library/Innerspace Imaging; 2: Science Photo Library/D. Phillips.
3.1: 1: Science Photo Library/Professor P.M. Motta; 2: CNRI/Science Photo Library; 3: Science Photo Library/Dr T E Thompson.
3.10: 1: http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab2_mitosis/highmagroot1.html; 2: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 3: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 4: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 5: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 6: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 7: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 8: Science Photo Library/Manfred Kage; 9: Science Photo Library/Ed Reschke.
3.13: 1: Photolibrary.
4.1: 1: Roving Tortoise Photos; 2: Roving Tortoise Photos; 3: Roving Tortoise Photos; 4: Roving Tortoise Photos; 5: Roving Tortoise Photos; 6: Roving Tortoise Photos; 7: Roving Tortoise Photos; 8: Roving Tortoise Photos; 9: Roving Tortoise Photos; 10: Roving Tortoise Photos; 11: Roving Tortoise Photos; 12: Science Photo Library.
4.13: 1: Science Photo Library/Professor P.M. Motta; 2: CNRI/Science Photo Library; 3: Science Photo Library/Dr T E Thompson.
4.14: 1: Biophoto Associates.
4.16: 1: Getty Images/Imagebank; 2: Natural Sciences Image Library.
GCSE reviews
Review 1.3: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 3: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 5: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 6: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 7: Science Photo Library/BSIP Laurent; 8: Wellcome Trust Medical Photographic Library; 9: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 10: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 11: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 12: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 13: Science Photo Library/Alfred Pasieka; 14: Science Photo Library/; 15: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 16: Corbis; 17: Corbis; 18: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 19: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 20: Science Photo Library/Biophoto Associates; 21: Mark N Boulton/CEC; 22: Wellcome Photo Library; 23: Science Photo Library/; 24: Wellcome Photo Library; 25: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 26: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 27: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 28: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
Review 2.3: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Science Photo Library.
Review 3.1: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Science Photo Library; 3: Science Photo Library; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 5: Science Photo Library.
Review 4.2: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
Review 4.3: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 3: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
Review 4.4: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Corbis; 3: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
Review 4.5: 1: Angela Hall; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Science Photo Library; 4: Science Photo Library; 5: Science Photo Library.
Biochemistry support
Biochem 12: 1: Science Photo Library/Cordelia Molloy.
Biochem 14: 1: Biophoto Associates.
Biochem 15: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Corbis; 3: Corbis; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
ICT support
ICT 1: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Ed Reschke, Peter Arnold Inc./Science Photo Library
CPD introductions
CPD 1: 1: Esher College; 2: Esher College; 3: Source Unknown; 4: Wellcome Medical Photo Library; 5: Esher College; 6: Mother and Baby Photo Library/EMAP; 7: King Ecgbert School, Sheffield; 8: Chrissie Martin.
CPD 2: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Esher College; 3: Mother and Baby Photo Library/EMAP; 4: King Ecgbert School, Sheffield; 5: Science Photo Library; 6: Science Photo Library.
CPD 3: 1: Esher College; 2: Esher College; 3: Esher College; 4: Science Photo Library; 5: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 6: Science Photo Library.
CPD 4: 1: Corbis; 2: Science Photo Library; 3: Esher College; 4: Science Photo Library; 5: King Ecgbert School, Sheffield; 6: Esher College; 7: Corbis.
Interactive glossary
All photos: Getty Images/PhotoDisc except for the following glossary entries: Angiosperm: Angela Hall; Antioxidant: Harcourt Education Ltd/Gareth Boden; Biodegradable: Angela Hall; Dietary fibre: Harcourt Education Ltd/Gareth Boden; Vegetative propagation: Angela Hall.
Video clips
Activity 1.4: TV DATA, Russia ; Activity 2.9: BBC; Activity 2.21: BBC; Activity 3.4: BBC; Activity 3.7: Oxford Scientific Films; Activity 4.9: Angela Hall.
A2 acknowledgements
The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.
Text, artwork and data
All Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland . License no. C02W0005419.
Activity sheets
5.3: Figure 4 data kindly provided by Dr David Slingsby, Wakefield Girls' High School; Transect data in spreadsheet kindly provided by Draper's Field Centre, Rhyd-y-creuau.
5.10: Based on Activity CP5 by Arquit, A. and Hunt, A. (1994) In Stoltman, J. P. and Waddington, D. J. (Eds) Science for Understanding Tomorrow's World: Global Change, Paris, ICSU.
5.11: The data for this activity are kindly provided by Dr Martin Bridge, Institute of Archaeology, University of London.
5.15: Article by David Dickson and article by Mike Hulme and Simon Torok are reproduced with permission of the Science and Development Network (SciDev.Net).
5.19: The data for this activity are reproduced by kind permission of the Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, University of Sheffield.
5.21: Phenology data reproduced by kind permission of Mrs Anne Phillips and the UK Phenology Network.
6.5: Figure 3 adapted from Smith, K.G.V. (1986) A Manual of Forensic Entomology, London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).
6.9: Extract from Gull, D. (2001) Tuberculosis. Biological Sciences Review, 13(1), 30-33.
6.11: Extract from Clayton, J. (2003) Beating the odds. New Scientist Vol 177 Issue 2381, 8 Feb 2003, p34.
6.17: Extract adapted from School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis website (http://medicine.wustl.edu/), 16 August 2000.
7.5: Table on page 2 from Martin, A. and Fuhrman, F.A. (1955) The relationship between summated tissue respiration and metabolic rate in the mouse and dog. Physiol. Zool. 28(1), 18-34. © University of Chicago.
7.9: Table 1 from McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. and Katch, V.I. (2000) Essentials of Exercise Physiology, 2nd Edn, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, p199. Data originally fromMcArdle, W.D. et al. (1973) Percentile norms for a valid step test in college women. Res Q, 44,498 and McArdle, W.D. et al. (1972) Reliability and interrelationships between maximal oxygenuptake, physical work capacity, and step test scores in college women, Med Sci Sports, 4, 182.
7.22: Figures 1 and 2 from Bhasin, S. et al. (1996) The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N. Engl. J. Med. 335: 1-7. © 1996 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.
7.23: Quote from International Olympic Charter Against Doping in Sport, Olympic Review, 253, Nov 1988, 628-631.
8.13: Figure 1 from Hubel, D.H. (1995) Eye, Brain, and Vision. Scientific American Library, No. 22, New York: W.H. Freeman.
8.17: This activity is based on the Nuffield Biology Investigation 14A 'Sensorimotor skills in humans'. In Practical Guide 4: Co-ordination, Response and Behaviour, Longman, 1985. © Nuffield Foundation.
8.19: Table 1 data from Bouchard, T.J. and McGue, M. (1981) Familial studies of intelligence: A review. Science, 212: 1055-1059.
Extension sheets
6.1: Student: Figure 1 adapted from http://www.fingerprints.tk with permission of H. v.d. Nieuwendijk; Teacher: Figure 1 adapted from http://ridgesandfurrows.homestead.com.Exam-style topic tests
Topic 6: Q1 table from Smith, K.G.V. (1986) A Manual of Forensic Entomology, London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).
Topic 7: Q3bi table adapted from http://medbio.info with permission or Robert Horn. Data originally from Newsholme, E.A. and Leech, A.R. (1983) Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
CPD
CPD 9: 'Improving Science and Emotional Development (The ISED project)' article © Brian Matthews 2003. First published by Goldsmiths College, University of London 2001.
Photographs
Activity sheets
5.3 Gary Skinner
7.23: 1: Corbis.
8.12: 1: Source Unknown; 2: Source Unknown; 3: Source Unknown; 4: Source Unknown; 5: Source Unknown; 6: Source Unknown.
8.17: 1: Anne Scott.
Extension sheets
8.4: 1: Source Unknown; 2: Science Photo Library.
Topic introductions
Intro 5: 1: GJS Science Education; 2: Science Photo Library; 3: PhotoDisc; 4: PhotoDisc; 5: PhotoDisc; 6: Alamy; 7: PhotoDisc; 8: FLPA; 9: PhotoDisc; 10: PhotoDisc; 11: Science Photo Library; 12: PhotoDisc; 13: Jupiter Images; 14: Jupiter Images; 15: Jupiter Images; 16: Jupiter Images; 17: Science Photo Library; 18: Science Photo Library; 19: PhotoDisc; 20: Science Photo Library; 21: Carol Gracie; 22: Science Photo Library; 23: Andrew Henderson; 24: Science Photo Library; 25: PhotoDisc; 26: PhotoDisc; 27: PhotoDisc; 28: PhotoDisc; 29: Tudor Photography; 30: PhotoDisc; 31: Source Unknown; 32: PhotoDisc; 33: PhotoDisc; 34: PhotoDisc.
Intro 6: 1: PhotoDisc; 2: PhotoDisc; 3: PhotoDisc; 4: PhotoDisc; 5: PhotoDisc; 6: PhotoDisc; 7: Corbis/Harcourt Index; 8: Peter Gould; 9: PhotoDisc; 10: PhotoDisc; 11: Corbis/Harcourt Index; 12: PhotoDisc.
Intro 7: 1: PhotoDisc; 2: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 3: PhotoDisc; 4: PhotoDisc; 5: PhotoDisc; 6: Harcourt Index/Corbis; 7: Press Association Images; 8: Science Photo Library; 9: Press Association Images; 10: PhotoDisc; 11: Empics; 12: PhotoDisc; 13: PhotoDisc; 14: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 15: PhotoDisc.
Intro 8: 1: PhotoDisc; 2: PhotoDisc; 3: PhotoDisc; 4: PhotoDisc; 5: Science Photo Library; 6: Robert Harding; 7: Science Photo Library; 8: Harcourt Index/Corbis; 9: PhotoDisc; 10: PhotoDisc; 11: PhotoDisc; 12: Corbis; 13: Science Photo Library; 14: Corbis;.
Interactive tutorials
5.3: 1: Angela Hall; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Angela Hall; 8: Angela Hall; 9: Angela Hall; 10: Angela Hall; 11: Angela Hall; 12: Angela Hall; 13: Angela Hall; 14: Angela Hall; 15: Angela Hall; 16: Angela Hall.
5.10: 1: Getty Images
5.22: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Science Photo Library; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Angela Hall; 8: Angela Hall; 9: Angela Hall; 10: Angela Hall; 11: Angela Hall; 12: Angela Hall; 13: Angela Hall.
6.4: 1: Science Photo Library/Robert Longuehaye.
6.5: 1: Angela Hall; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Angela Hall.
8.5: 1: 1-50 Jupiter Images 2: 1-12 Corbis
8.6: 1: 1-50 Jupiter Images 2: 1-12 Corbis
8.21: 2: Corbis; 3-9: Science Photo Library; 11: Science Photo Library
Biochemistry support
Biochem 21: 1: Science Photo Library; 2: Digital Vision; 3: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 4: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 5: Empics; 6: Corbis; 7: Getty Images/PhotoDisc.
CPD sheets
CPD 9: 1: Angela Hall; 2: Angela Hall.
CPD introductions
CPD 5: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Harcourt Education/Martin Sookias; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Angela Hall; 8: Angela Hall; 9: PhotoDisc; 10: Harcourt/PhotoDisc.
CPD 6: 1: Angela Hall; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Angela Hall; 8: Angela Hall; 9: Angela Hall; 10: Angela Hall; 11: Angela Hall.
CPD 7: 1: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; 2: Corbis; 3: Science Photo Library; 4: Professor Miodrag Stojkovic/Science Photo Library; 5: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 6: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 7: PhotoDisc; 8: Science Photo Library; 9: PhotoDisc; 10: PhotoDisc; 11: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 12: PhotoDisc; 13: Angela Hall; 14: Harcourt/PhotoDisc.
CPD 8: 1: Digital Vision; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: Angela Hall; 6: Angela Hall; 7: Harcourt/PhotoDisc; 8: Angela Hall.
CPD 9: 1: EyeWire; 2: Angela Hall; 3: Angela Hall; 4: Angela Hall; 5: PhotoDisc; 6: PhotoDisc; 7: EyeWire; 8: Angela Hall.
Interactive glossary
All photos: Harcourt/PhotoDisc except for the following glossary entries: Adaptive radiation: Digital Vision; Anthropogenic factors: AAF Corbis; Arthroscopy: Science Photo Library; Autotrophs: Getty Images/PhotoDisc; Binomial system: Digital Vision; Biosphere: PhotoDisc; Biotic: Digital Vision; Cataract: Science Photo Library; Catastrophes: National Geophysical Data Center; Climate: Digital Vision/Robert Harding; Climax community: Harcourt
Education/Tudor Photography; Consumer: Digital Vision; CT: PhotoDisc; Endemic: Cumulus; Grazing: AAF Corbis; Heterotroph: AAF Corbis; Intraspecific: Cumulus; Plantae: Cumulus.